Wednesday, October 30, 2019
Marketing Plan on LIFESAVERS(CANDY) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Marketing Plan on LIFESAVERS(CANDY) - Essay Example mize the unique talents of its associates so that they can feel valued and remain associated to each other and to Wrigley by inculcating those values. The companyââ¬â¢s strategy comprises of four-pronged approach-focusing on the workforce, work place and market place. The company is also committed to certain factors like to create consumer friendly sustainable packaging, reducing packaging weights by 10% from 2015 onwards. They are committed to use sustainable materials and partnering with sustainable suppliers, increasing recycled contents in case of packaging and designing the materials which will be effective from 2015 (Wrigley, n.d.). The company is now publicly traded in NYSE (New York Stock Exchange).The analysis of the company shows it is based on Michael Porterââ¬â¢s five forces model. The model is used to find out the three important aspects of the industry, competition, profitability, and attractiveness of the industry. Three forces, rivalry among existing firms, threats of new entrants and threats of substitute products is used to analyze the competitiveness of the firm (Inman & Et. Al., 2007). Marketers divide the target market into various segments on the basis of homogeneous needs. The customers are segmented on the basis of broad similarity with regards to certain attributes such as tastes, preferences. Lifesavers candy is targeted for all age group of people. Being a non-chocolate product it is free from melting in hot summers. These candies are made from fruit carp. The new innovated product serves the purpose of its customers well in the hot summer which provides a boost to the summer sales of this candy. Keeping in mind about the customers taste and preferences the candy comes in different flavors and colors. Pep O Mint, Wint O Green, sweet and sour strings, Hawaiian fruits, strawberry apple, cherry lemonade, butter Rum, wild cherry are some of its varieties. The product is available in all sizes, from small to big packs. These are mainly a
Monday, October 28, 2019
Sociological Areas Of Criminology Sociology Essay
Sociological Areas Of Criminology Sociology Essay Before discussing the social areas of crime. We have to understand what crime is? if any body breaks the criminal laws it may be defined as crime. (sociology making..,2009,page- 556) In sociological aspect of crime sociologists believe that crime cannot be properly understood without examining the surrounding social, political and economical context (http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-sociological-criminology.htm). The sociological areas of studying crime is really massive. Sometimes the criminals may be caught and sometimes they may not. Some criminals use to advertise themselves and some keep silence. The numbers of crime is always high than the numbers shown. Sociological study of crime is basically the case study of those criminals who breaks the rules of society and not advertise themselves because ht behaviour is always much problematic and painful. The study of crime is always tough because the researchers need to find the subject. In sociological approach the study depends on th e way which highlights that how anyone does crime. What social conditions compailed the person to do a crime and be a criminal. Sociological criminology seeks to explain crime`s relationship to social and environmental change. Another area of social criminology is based on marxism theory. It highlights that crime is ultimately the result of conflict between different social classes. This theory believes that basically laws are made by the group that is in power, to control people who are not in power. This is conflict theory of crime or critical criminology. Another sociological areas of criminology is social process criminology which explain that how people criminals. In this study basic focus is on criminal behaviour as learned behaviour. So, we can say that in sociological areas of criminology we emphasis on social situations responsible for crime. (sociology making..,2009,page- 557) Sociological areas of family Family is the strongest bond of society. It is the main institution of society which is found within the households. Family always changes across time and place and its a social construction. (mckie et al,2005,page- 445) In sociology areas of family we study the various theoretical approaches to the family. Some sociological approaches of families are functionalist, feminist and new rights perspective. The functionalist theory of family is based on socialization. It emphasis that the family socialise its members and this socialisation is beneficial for both family and the society. Feminist approach is the study based on the position of a men within a patriarchal society. The new sight perspective is the study that how family teaches its members that what is wrong and what is right. Another sociological areas of family is the study of decline in family. This area is based on the study of social problems related with family. This study is mostly based on western society. First part of this area is based on family violence. Family is a good and peaceful place but according to this study family can be a dangerous place to be. This problem is mostly caused in nuclear family. Domestic violence is another s ocial problem of family. Physical force applied on women and children caused by aggressiveness is the part of domestic violence. In simple words we can say that the sociological area of family describes both benefits and problems of the society caused by the family. Sociological areas of media Present age is the age of media. Media is unseparated part of today`s life. Most of the information we gathered from the media. In one hand media educates us and in other it is the real source of connecting people. Many types of media is present in today`s society like television, radio, newspaper, internet, etc. We can say that without media we cannot imagine the normal life. It is the accepted part of life. We spend our maximum part of time and money for using media. In (1998, brigs and cobley) extend his views to assert that as we more into the new millenmium the media are increasingly a central part of our lives, our cultures and global economics. (sociology making..,2009,page- 685) Because of this mass effect media has vast sociological area. It shows a very effective role in society different writers analayse and identified the different aspects of media in society. (Mcquail ,1994) drawed a red sketch on media`s social areas. As (mcquail ,1994) described some important social areas of media is as follows:- Information: Ã ¢-Ã Media circulates the information about different conditions and events of world and society. Ã ¢-Ã It indicates the relation of power. Ã ¢-Ã Media facilitate the innovations, adaptions and progress. Correlation: Ã ¢-Ã Media explains, interprets and comments on the meaning of events and information. Ã ¢-Ã Media provides support to established authority and norms. Ã ¢-Ã Media does consensus building. Ã ¢-Ã Media sets orders of priorities and signalling relative status. Continuity: Ã ¢-Ã Media expresses the dominant culture and recorganises subcultures and new cultural developments. Ã ¢-Ã It forges and maintaines common values. Entertainment: Ã ¢-Ã Media provides amusement, diversion and means of relaxation. Ã ¢-Ã Media reduces social tension by the resource of entertainment. Mobilization: Ã ¢-Ã Media campaigning for societal objectives in the sphere of polities, war, economic development, work and sometimes religion. (Mcquail, 1994:79), (sociology making, 2009, page-712) In conclusion we can say that media has the power to change the attitudes and behaviour of society. Media is an important factor of socialization. Media influences on the individual, the group, the institution or culture in general. Moral panics In the words of (stanlay cohen, 1987) moral panic is a condition, episode, person or group of persons became defined as a threat to societal values and interests. (http://en.citizendium.org/moralpanic) As (stanly cohen, 1987) described in his book (Folk devils and moral panics) some moral panics of society are:- Ã ¢-Ã Young, working- class, violent males, youth culture and juvenile delinquency. Ã ¢-Ã School violence. Ã ¢-Ã Bad drugs, wrong drugs used by wrong people at wrong times. Ã ¢-Ã Child abuse, sexual and satanic. Ã ¢-Ã Sex, violence and blaming media. Ã ¢-Ã Welfare cheats and single mothers. Ã ¢-Ã Pornography. Ã ¢-Ã Refuges and asylum seekers. (http://en.citizendium.org/moralpanic) The idea of moral panic was originally developed to explain the demonization of young people as a social problem and the scapegoating of certain subcultural groups in particular. (sociology making..,2009,page- 735) Jock young used firstly the term moral panic to describe the impact upon public anxiety of creation of `drug squads` in 1960s. Then this concept borrowed by (Stan cohen, 1972) in his classic study of mods and rockers and their treatment by the media and the police in the early 1960s. Stanley cohen, 1972 showed in his work that how media intervention gave from to different subcultural groups and represented them as threatening `folk devil`. In nineteenth century the famous sociologist (person, 1983) used the idea of moral panic to explore the fears generated by the emergence of urban gangs. As (person, 1983) conclude cited in (Toynbee,1983) that every era has its young gangs that catch the terrified imagination of the respectable. Every era also has its myth about a previou s golden age of traditional values, a time when it was safer to walk the streets. Intervention of media gives youth subcultures national exposure and degree of uniformity and definition. (sociology making, 2009, page-734-735)
Friday, October 25, 2019
Belize Logistics Essay -- Belize
The history of Belize dates back thousands of years. The official name of the territory was changed from British Honduras to Belize in June 1973. ââ¬Å"The current government of Belize took form when they declared their independence in 1981. This government is headed by the Queen of the United Kingdom, Queen Elizabeth II, who is acting head of state. The Queen is represented by a Governor General due to her having to reside in Great Britain. The Governor General is the true authority in power; however, he does not officially run the government that is led by the Prime Minister and his cabinet. Currently in the Senate there are 12 members, plus the President of the Senate. The Governor General appoints 6 senators on advice of the Prime Minister, 3 on advice of the leader of the opposition, one member on the advice of the Belize Council of Churches and Evangelical Association of Churches and two other members from two separate organizations.â⬠(http://www.islandflave.com/caribbean-politics/615-belize-politics) ââ¬Å"Belize has a public-private economy with tourism as the number one foreign exchange earner followed by exports of marine products, citrus, sugar, bananas, and garments. Agriculture currently provides some 71% of the country's total foreign exchange earnings, and employs approximately 29% of the total labour force. Belize has a viable fishing industry. Belize's fisheries are exploited for commercial, as well as for subsistence purposes, and are one of the most heavily exploited natural resources. In an effort to maximize the benefits obtained from the fishing industry, while ensuring its long-term viability, fisheries managers are promoting an expansion in production through diversification of this resource base. Belize's fishin... ...m/Does-Donts.htm http://articles.cnn.com/2006-11-30/travel/if.you.go_1_belizean-belikin-beer-dos?_s=PM:TRAVEL http://www.customs.gov.bz/traveller.html http://belize-guide.info/travel.basics/customs/ http://www.voyage.gc.ca/countries_pays/report_rapport-eng.asp?id=29000 http://www.belizefirst.com/MoneyandBankinginBelize.htm http://gocentralamerica.about.com/od/belizeguide/p/BelizeSafety.htm http://www.paradisepath.com/belize_safety.htm http://www.belizedistrict.com/tips.html#safety http://belize.com/medical-care-in-belize.html http://www.guidetobelize.info/en/yellow-pages/belize-health-care-medical-current-guide.shtml http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/north-central-america/belize http://www.islandflave.com/caribbean-politics/615-belize-politics http://www.islandflave.com/caribbean-politics/615-belize-politics
Thursday, October 24, 2019
The Essense Of Buddhism
John Snelling has written that scientists with their scientific information have succeeded in sending space craft to distant planets or even probe to remote quarters of the planet with radio telescopes, (Snelling 7). They may investigate the mysteries of the sub atomic world with electron microscopes. But the thing that infact know least about is this great mystery that is right here with us all the time- the heart of the matter behind Buddhism.For like every one they subscribe to consensus view and donââ¬â¢t give the matter a second thought. Thus, according to John Snelling of the London Buddhist Society, these scientists fail to see what is right under their nose, (291). Buddhist is concerned, Snelling has found, with the unravelling of this mystery. In the first sense it is necessary to see through the great delusion of ââ¬ËI', of the so called person. Then it is a matter of finding what really is there.And how plot thickens to penetrate this mystery is to penetrate the ulti mate mystery, the mystery of the heart of all things, and confront what the Christians called God, the Hindus Brahman or Atman-and it goes by other names in other religions. Buddhists, however hesitate to put a name to it or say anything or say anything at all about it. It is they maintain something that cannot be grasped by intellect or described in words.It cannot be seen directly; but that seeing brings about something truly miraculous: a total transformation, no less. The veils of delution fall away and last the world is perceived as it truly is. At the same time a deep compassion also crystallizes: a pure, self less kindliness and caring born of an understanding of the unity of all beings. Therefore, as has been established by John Snelling in his ââ¬ËThe Buddhist handbook: a complete Guide to Buddhist Teaching and Practice', (7) Buddhism is quite simple.But as, Snelling has found out simple things are always hard to fully realize, so people need all kinds of aids and suppor t. A vast superstructure according to Snelling has therefore grown up around the basic heart core of the Buddhaââ¬â¢s teaching: mountains of philosophical speculation, a voluminous literature, monastic codes and ethical systems, histories, cosmologies, different types of ritual and meditation practice, institutions and hierarchies. John Snelling writes of one Shuan Chin ken who wrote a preface to a text book (mumonkan)From the London Buddhist society, John Snelling (1987) established that many of those who have undertaken the study and practice of Buddhism have also taken an interest in the western psychotherapies that developed from the pioneering work of Sigmund Freud, the, the most famous western psychologist. As well as the Freudian psychoanalysis and its derivatives, Snelling has found that, this includes the analytical psychology of Freud great but errant student, Carl Gustav Jung, as well as subsequent developments right down to the present time, where Buddhism and western society have come together in a wonderful bond, (Snelling, 292).These theories, now regarded as Western psychotherapies arose towards the end of the 19th century and in the early part of the 20th century. This great discovery made by the pioneers of this movement was of the existence of the unconscious: an area or range of aspects of human psyche falling outside the normal range of conscious awareness. Snelling records the therapeutic aspects that interested Dr. Freud to study a lot on the nerve system of animals.Sigmund Freud, as recorded by, Snelling was to the view the unconscious as a kind of cellar containing mainly what he called ââ¬Ëvisesââ¬â¢, all those aspects of himself that a person does not wish to confront- the unacceptable desires, aggressive impulses, painful memories and many other areas of ego. Snelling has established cure of all these consisted reclaiming this exiled material from the abyss of knowing and restoring it to the province of consciousness- or in Freudian terminology: restoring it to the ego from the Idd, a process that Freud compared to reclaiming land from the sea, (Snelling, 295).If Freudââ¬â¢s tendency had been essentially secular, according to John Snelling then Jungââ¬â¢s ideas brought the new psychology into the area once regarded as the preserve of religion (293). Indeed he began to see the role of analysis not merely as directed towards curing neurotic symptoms but of assisting harmonious development, the flowering of individual potential, and ultimately towards securing a transformation that would take the individual beyond himself. John Snelling writes:ââ¬Å"The fact that the approach to the numinous is the real therapy and inasmuch as you attain to the numinous experiences you are released from the curse of pathologyâ⬠. (Snelling 253). To accord due credit to Jung, however, it must be said that many western Buddhists have found that this ideas represent useful bridge into exotic world of Eastern spir ituality. Some have gone so far as to undertake Jungian analysis and have found helpful, particularly in dealing with psychological problems.According to John Snelling, Alan Watts was able to explain on this in his writing of the seven symbols of life (1936); Watt propounded the idea that Buddhism has more in common with psychotherapy than with religion as the term was then understood in the west. Psychotherapy and Buddhism are intermarried and each has its part to play in assisting in its full realization, psychotherapy in helping to develop a sound ego, Buddhism in taking the process on from there, (Snelling, 298). Religion of faith Buddha emphasized that his teachings had a practical purpose and should not be blindly clung to.He the Dharma to a raft made by a man seeking to cross a dangerous hither shore of a river, representing the conditioned world, to the peaceful further shore, representing Nibanna (M. 1. 34-5). He then rhetorically asked whether such a man on reaching the ot her side should lift the raft and carry it around with him there. He therefore said, Dharma is for crossing over not for retaining, that is a follower should not grasp at Buddhist ideas and practices, but use them for their intended purpose, and then let go of them when they had fully accomplished their goal.Many ordinary Buddhists, though do not have a strong attachment to Buddhism. While the Buddha was critical to blind faith, he did not deny a role for soundly based faith or trustful confidence (saddha) for to test out his teachings, person had to have at least some initial trust in them. He emphasizes a process of listening, which arouses saddha, leading to deeper saddha and deeper practice until the heart of the teachings is directly experienced. A person then becomes an Arahat, one who has replaced faith with knowledge.Even Theravada Buddhism, which often has a rather rational unemotional image, a very deep faith in the Buddha, Dharma and Sangha is common. Ideally this is base d on the fact that some part of Buddhaââ¬â¢s path has been found to be uplifting, thus inspiring confidence in the rest. Many people though have a calm and joyful faith (pasada) inspired by the example of those who are well established on the path. In essence therefore, Buddhism is a religion that is based on aspects of faith. In actual sense Buddhism is a religion where faith is exercised for the purposes of perfection.We therefore accept the fact the statement of acclaim that Buddhism is a religion of faith holds. Buddhism does not demand that anyone accepts their teaching on trust. The practitioner is instead invited to try them out, to expriment with them. John Snelling writes and says there is no compulsion and it happens to find truth elsewhere or otherwise all well and good, (Snelling, 4). The essential freedom from dogma is enshrined in the Buddha's words to the Kalama, a people who lived in the vicinity of the town of Kesaputta:â⬠Come, Kalamas, do not be satisfied with heasay or with tradition or with legendary lore or with what has come down in your scriptures or with logical inference or with weighing liking for a view after pondering it over or with the thought ââ¬Ëthe monk is our teacher' When you know in yourselves ââ¬Ëthese ideas are unprofitable, liable to censure, condemned by the wise, being adopted and put into effect they lead to harm and suffering ââ¬Ë, then you should abandon themâ⬠¦ ( and conversely:)when you know in yourselves these things are profitableâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬Ë then you should practice them and abide in them. â⬠(Snelling, 3). Philosophical foundations According to John Snelling, in his The Buddhist Handbook: A complete Guide to Buddhist Teaching and Practice Buddhism as a religion is based o philosophical foundations. He writes: ââ¬Å"At the core of Mahayana philosophy lays the notion of emptiness: Shunyata. Buddha very much in the spirit of anata as first teaches this. It is not used to imply, not me re or sheer nothingness, but ââ¬Ëemptiness of inherent existenceââ¬â¢; that is, the absence of any kind of enduring or self ââ¬âsustaining essence.There is also a sense in which it has connotations of conceptual emptiness: absence of thoughts. It could be regarded too as a non-term signifying the ineffable understanding arising within the practice of meditationâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ Therefore, Shunyata as used by Buddha has formed this philosophical foundation in Buddhism, although in addition to this Snelling introduces another key term tathata which according to Buddhism philosophical foundations means ââ¬Ëthusnessââ¬â¢ or ââ¬Ësuchnessââ¬â¢ which signifies Emptiness in its immanent aspect: as it appears in the world of form.The Buddha, as Snelling writes, is sometimes called the Tathagata: ââ¬ËHe who is thus goneââ¬â¢. The Tathagata-garbha (garbha means ââ¬Ëgermââ¬â¢) doctrine, on the other hand, proposes the notion of an imminent Absolute: the manifestat ion in form of a transcendental principle, (Snelling,5). Therefore it is true Buddhism has some philosophical foundations as it written by John Snelling, (Snelling, 4). In conclusion we have seen that Buddhism involves that Buddhism has evolved on the basis of some philosophical foundations and that it involves psychological, religious, some mystical experience and meditations.Unlike other religions, Buddhism holds the religious perfection in which one should not clung of practical faith but should eventually make it to knowledge. Therefore, this makes it more a practical experience. It is such aspects, according to John Snelling that drive us to believe that there is no Buddhism but only Buddhists. REFERENCES Snelling, John. The Buddhist Handbook: A complete Guide to Buddhist Teaching and Practice. London: Rider, 1987.
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
Business Torts and Product Liability
The scope of product liability usually exposes the manufacturers, sellers, product designers or licensres to the sphre of the legal actions. Here the word ââ¬Ëproductââ¬â¢ is not only indicate the finished or final products but it covers the supplimentary items which is intimately associated to consumer expectations . Moreover, the term produt saftey can be a part of a product, which is related, with any kind of chain of distribution. The manufacturers and other entities involved with market are liable for the products, which are defective in nature . The distributors, dealers, retailers, representatives and employers can also brought in to the action if their products are turned to be defective. The American common law adopted the concept of strict liability under consumer perspectives in early 1960ââ¬â¢s. They began to adopt the view that the sellers should bear the cost of injuries or defects in their products as they are in the best position to distinguish the risks associated with their products. The American law institutes call for the various state law departments to recapitulate the developments in strict liability in Section 402A of the Restatement (Second) of Torts in 1977. However, it happens that the defenadnts may undergo harsh facets of the torts and action for their unintentional act or ommission. The courts of modern times also provide the sellers the indisputable liability for their defective products without the negligence or fault on the part of the seller. (1) For such victims the rules and judgements may appear too harsh but the genuine culprits desreves so. ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 1. Restatement (Third) of Torts products liability, 1999 Business Torts and Product Liability 2 Introduction ââ¬Å"He can excuse himself by showing that the escape was owing to plaintiffââ¬â¢s default; but as nothing of this sort exists here, it si unnecessary to inquire to what excuse would be sufficient. â⬠ââ¬â Blackburn J Generally there are cases that where a defaulter can be held responsible for an injury even where no negligence or evil intent can be shown. The doctrine of strict liability imposes legal responsibility for injuries sustained by or because of an actor's conduct, whether or not the actor used reasonable care and regardless of the actor's state of mind. Strict liability cases are limited to certain narrowly-defined areas of the law, including products liability, ultrahazardous activities, care of animals and certain statutory offenses. However, the question arises whether such liability and the treatment against the alleged wrong doer is too hurtful or not. To analyse this, firstly, we shall discuss the scope of the torts and product liability in buisiness. Buisiness torts and product liability The general principle is that, seller of any defective product which is unreasonably dangerous to the user or consumer, is subject to liability for physical harm thereby caused to the ultimate user or consumer or to his property, if the product is expected to and does reach the user or consumer, without substantial change in the condition in which it is sold. (Restatement (Second) of Torts, 1977)(1). It does not matter that the seller has exercised all possible care in the preparation and sale of his product; and the user or ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 1. Sec. 402A of Restatement (Second) of Torts, 1977 Business Torts and Product Liability 3 consumer has not bought the product from or entered into any contractual relation with the seller. In Rylands Vs Fletcher,(2) the court found that even if the defendant was not negligent or rather, even if the defendant did not intentionally cause the harm or he was careful, he could still be made liable. The defendant may excuse himself by showing that the occurrence was owing to the plaintiffââ¬â¢s default or that was the consequence of vis major or the act of good. The liability arises not because there was ant fault or negligence on the part of persons, but because he kept such defective products and the same was caused some sort of personal damage to another. The liability of the defective products was well explained in the famous case Donogue Vs Stevenson (3) as, a person who is for gain engages in the business of manufacturing articles of food and drink intended for consumption by members of the public in the form he issues them, is under a duty to take care in the manufacture of these articles. That duty must be to whom he intends to consume his products. The law has enumerated a number of rules to provide maximam penalty to the wrongdoerââ¬â¢s for his misconduct regarding the products. .whether this way of gauging the act and ommissions of the wrongdoers for their product liability is justifiable or not? Are they undergoing ruthless treatment than they deserve? Whether the treatment under product liability is harsh or not Recently in the case, Wyeth vs. Levine (4) the Vermont Supreme Court ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 2. Rylands Vs Fletcher (1868) L. R 3 H. L 330 3. Donogue Vs Stevenson [1932] AC 562 (HL) (Sc) 4. Wyeth vs. Levine, Pharmaseutical industry Today, News, 22 Nov 2008 Business Torts and Product Liability 4 confirmed a nearly $6. 8 million product liability claim against Wyeth because the company's FDA-approved warning label on anti-nausea drug Phenergan only cautioned physicians about a quick-injection method. The injection caused the palintiffââ¬â¢s vein nicked and caused gangrene in an arm that eventually led to amputation. Here, it can be accepted that defendant faced the consequences because of his negative conduct to the consumers. Still there is a question arises about the magnitude of the penalty usually provides in such cases. The fact is that such liability causes negative impact on the day-to-day conduct of buisiness also. The product liability always compel the the manufacturers to internalize the cost of the product. When the manufacturer assigned all the liabilities for the injuries caused, he is forced to take account all the harms caused and this may lead the manufacturer unable to profit from producing the product Due to strict imposition of law in various manners, the manufacturer may not produce the socially optimal level of goods. Under such conditions the manufacturer cannot pass on the economic costs to the consumers as insurance as the most of the consumers are highly price sensitive. This may harm the production of the products and complete removal from the market. Apart from this, there is a chance of instituting high-level substantial higher transaction costs due to the high-level apllication and the sucsequent penalty of the product liability. Moreover, this causes lowering the consumer surplus from these transactions. (Miller,Goldberg ,2004)(5) ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 5. Miller, C. J, Goldberg, R. S (September 30, 2004) Product liability, 2 edition Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA; ISBN-13: 978-019825678 Business Torts and Product Liability 5 Some times the damage may cause due to the default of the palintiff . The palitiff may misuse the product. Moreover, there is a chance that the product has been altered and modified by the palintiff without the knowledge of the manufacturer. The defects may cause due to the conduct of the third party who is neither defendantââ¬â¢s servant nor does the defendant have any control over him. Or else there is a chance of the product is being manufactured or designed according to the industry custom and standards and government standards related to the manufacture and design. In such cases there is no point in treating the defendant with a extreme penalty. (6)(Salmond, 1996) The cases like Fardon Vs harcourt Rivingston (7) and Glosgow Corp. Vs Muir (8) clearly laid down the priniciple regading the minimising the liability of the wrong doer under such circumstances.. If the possibility of the incident emerging is only a mere possibility which could never occur to the mind of eth reasonable man ,there is no negligence in not having taken extraordinary precautions. People must guard against reasonable probablities but they are not bound to guard against fantastic possibilities. Conclusion Since the product liability is the legal responsibility of manufacturers and sellers to buyers, users and bystanders for damages or injuries suffered, the strict liability of these sections are firmly observed. However, a manufacturer of a product cannot be considered the absolute guarantor of its productââ¬â¢s safety. It can be said that there is a utilitarian ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â- 6. Salmond, Heuston (1996) , Law of Torts, , p443 publisher: Sweet & Maxwell; 21Rev Ed edition (24 Oct 1996) ISBN-13: 978-0421533509 7. Fardon Vs harcourt Rivingston (1932) 146 L. T 391 8. Glosgow Corp. Vs Muir ((1943) A. C 488 principle revolved under the imposition of such liability. Because the people determined to cling to the responsible persons for their actions even though there is no negligence on their part. Because there are some derivation of benefits likes improved products, safety and accountability, which is generally, prevail over the burden on the defendant in strict liability proceedings. So in such cases in order to fulfill the public policy of minimizing the injury, it is more reasonable to introduce the burden of finding and correcting such dangers upon the manufacturer rather than taking away the defective products from the consumer. ********************************** References 1. Faegre & Benson, 2003 UK Trade and Investment, US product liability law, Nov. 2003 2. Kubasek, Nancy K. ; Browne, Neil M. ; Giampetro-Meyer, Barkacs, Linda, Andrea; Herron, Dan; Dynamic Business law (January 4, 2008) McGraw-Hill ISBN 0073524913 / 9780073524917 3. Miller, C. J, Goldberg, R. S (September 30, 2004) Product liability, 2 edition Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA; ISBN-13: 978-0198256786 4. Restatement (second) of Torts products liability, 1977 5. Restatement (Third) of Torts products liability, 1999 6. Salmond, Heuston (1996) , Law of Torts, , p443 publisher: Sweet & Maxwell; 21Rev Ed edition (24 Oct 1996) ISBN-13: 978-0421533509
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
Food Inc Response Paper Essays
Food Inc Response Paper Essays Food Inc Response Paper Essay Food Inc Response Paper Essay Food IncLance Street Food Inc. Response 11/15/11 Food Inc Food Inc is a documentary about the state of the food industry within the United States. was a very in depth look at the farming industry that not a lot of people get to see. There were a few moments and certain topics that stood out to me. This paper will explain my reaction to the film and its contents. This film definitely reminded me that the ââ¬Å"badâ⬠food is cheaper and more abundant than it has ever been and we haveà detached ourselves from how food ends up on our plates. Iââ¬â¢ve always thought of food as it is marketed to us, coming from a little farm with a white fence and rolling hills, but this film taught me that all this is simply an illusion. The food actually comes from mega factory farms, I learned. Our society has cheaper food but there have been more E. colià and Salmonella outbreaks in the past twenty years than ever before and obesity and the rate of diabetes are through the roof. One of the things that truly touched me was the story of the child who died from eating a burger. It was very sad to see a healthy little boy die from mistakes in the food industry. It definitely makes you wonder just how many times has this happened before without the public knowing. This was definitely the one issue that stood out for me among other obvious topics. Overall I have to say that the movie Food Inc. was a huge ââ¬Å"eye openerâ⬠for me to pay more attention to what I am putting into my body. I need to read labels and do more research rather than buy what they tell me. This movie was a great teacher and I loved it. :
Monday, October 21, 2019
An Online Degree Doesnââ¬â¢t Skimp on Reputable Professors Essays
An Online Degree Doesnââ¬â¢t Skimp on Reputable Professors Essays An Online Degree Doesnââ¬â¢t Skimp on Reputable Professors Essay An Online Degree Doesnââ¬â¢t Skimp on Reputable Professors Essay It is for a variety of reasons that we choose a college ââ¬â courses offered, price, logistics, housing available, class size, and professors. While the pursuit of an online degree means that many of these elements are no longer an issue, it doesnââ¬â¢t mean that students should be resigned to less than exceptional professors. An online degree can be pursued through a reputable college or university that offers such classes as a supplement to their on campus schedule, or as a stand alone degree program. Though course work and reading are completed online, there is still the necessity for a professor to lead the course; and those students that are pursuing an online degree should ensure that they are learning from the best the school has to offer. The pursuit of an online degree has become more and more popular in recent years as the popularity of the Internet has exploded. Now, more than ever, students can pursue the education that they desire, without driving to a campus and attending a series of lectures. Because most people are so busy juggling career, family, and other responsibilities, the convenience offered by an online degree is unrivaled. Online degree students can fit their school work into their schedule rather than the other way around, and still walk away with a college degree in the field of their choosing. Professors who teach online degree programs are associated with the colleges and may also teach traditional courses as well. Online degree students should be sure to find out as much as possible about the teacher in charge of their course.
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