Benjamin Franklin´s Involvement in the English Empire Essay

With Benjamin Franklin’s ambition to see one day the glorious English Empire shifted to North America, specifically in Pennsylvania and to get rid of the proprietors, he envisages a single community that will embody Englishmen only. For that reason, Franklin is against massive immigration of Germans and the presence of African slaves which will fade the identity of a perfect English Empire. He becomes more optimistic of his vision when the Crown appoints him in 1753 as a postmaster at Williamsburg. Despite all the failures that he encounters from not passing solutions such as colonial union and the Albany Plan, Franklin still maintains his degree of confidence and loyalty to the mother country. Closer to his dream, he has been selected in†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, the Stamp Act has a different and a direct effect on the colonies. The objective of the act is to tax legal documents, almanacs, newspapers, playing cards, and nearly every form of paper used i n the colonies. This seems to be a threat to the American constitutional rights. Therefore, colonial agents in London and lieutenants Governor oppose to the Stamp Act, including Franklin saying that â€Å"It will affect the printers more that anybody†. Franklin, despite his British’s loyalties and love, comes up with an alternative plan for raising revenue instead of taxing legal paper. He proposes a plan that parliament authorize the issuing of paper currency at interest. Franklin knows exactly how his proposed plan will work and assures his fellows by saying that â€Å"it would not be an unpleasing one†. This action taken by Franklin to find another option to raise money demonstrates how he has his country of birth’s interest at heart. Unfortunately, his proposal is rejected by Greenville, a chief minister under who’s the Stamp act is planned. But that does not stop him from appealing the plan. However, many colonies such as Pennsylvanian blame Franklin for creating the Stamp Act. Even his home back in America, his wife and relatives are threatened because of the Act. They blame him for framing theShow MoreRelatedEssay about Benjamin Franklin: The Embodiment of a Renaissance Man3205 Words   |  13 P agesA man whose name will forever be remembered in not just American, but world history, Benjamin Franklin was the true embodiment of a Renaissance man. His accomplishments benefitted the course of social, political, and scientific progress in many countries, and his influence touched the lives of millions. In America especially, it is common to view him as the great leader who was forever dedicated to the revolution, or the man who lived and breathed American independence, or perhaps the wisest, mostRead MoreAmerican Spirit Volume I3787 Words   |  16 PagesTaking 23 1. John Cabot Voyages for England (1497) 23 2. Richard Hakluyt Calls for an Empire (1582) 24 3. An English Landlord Describes a Troubled England (1623) 25 4. 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Copyright Law in Canada Essay - 835 Words

Canadas copyright law is one of our hardest laws to enforce. The reason the police have so much trouble enforcing this law, is due to technology. This law is very easy to break, and once broken, it is very hard to track down violators. So although some form of a copyright law is needed, the one we have has, too many holes to be effective. There are three main ways in which the copyright law is broken in everyday life. They is audio/video tape copying, plagiarism, and software piracy. The first, and most commonly violated aspect of the copyright law, is the copying of audio tapes for oneself and friends. Thanks to the invention of dual cassette stereos, this has become very easy. You simply take an original or even another copy of a†¦show more content†¦Very often a student when doing a research paper will quot;accidentlyquot; forget to footnote his work. By quot;forgettingquot; to give the author credit, the student has claimed the work as his own. Another reason students may copy someone elses work is to sound more sophisticated hoping that if they use someone elses words it will sound better than their own. Generally, this provides an easy way for a teacher or the police to catch them. Teachers also plagiarize rather frequently. Very often a teacher will photocopy several pages from a book, in order to save the students the expense of having to buy the book for themselves. While this is a noble act by the teacher, in most cases, this is illegal. Unless the author of the book, gave consent for his/her work to be freely distributed, teachers cant copy it any more than students or anyone else can. The third category of piracy is Software Pirating. There are several forms which this can take. The most common form is very similar to audio/video cassettes. It is when someone copies a game or program from his/her computer to someone elses. 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Pictorialist Photography Essay Example For Students

Pictorialist Photography Essay As photography grew in popularity, talented artists realized that photography could be used as a means to express emotions or convey a message, similar to artworks. After a tough period of artists trying to bring photography into the world of art, it was finally accepted as a new and unique refined art. One of the first photography movements to have been spawned out of this period was the Pictorialist movement. Thriving in 1885 – 1915, Pictorialism was the main style in photography, where photographs would usually appear to lack a sharp focus and appear to have manipulation upon the surface. Soon, it declined in popularity in 1920, where a new style of photography grabbed the attention of the public. When the ability to capture an image and develop it into a photograph was invented, Pictorialism was one of the first styles for photography. There is no true origin of this genre but that it began when people started to question the idea of photography being nothing more than a way to capture an image, and not art. Photographers and artists were frustrated at this notion and developed the Pictorialist style in the 1880s to counter this. We will write a custom essay on Pictorialist Photography specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Pictorialism is when the photographer manipulates the photograph so that it resembles the way that artworks are created. Typically, they lack in focus and have visible brush strokes on the surface, similar to a real painting. They also joined together different sections of different photographs to create a composite image which became ‘art’ through the use of external influences. Pictorialism is also about using photography as a means to create art and convey artistic elements through the use of tones, symbols and blurring. It is a vague term that is often debated about by photographers and artists. Pictorialism has had a lasting effect on photography as a whole. It allowed the idea that photography was not just a means to simply capture an image, but was also another way to create an artwork. As one of the first photography genres to appear, it has influenced every other genre after it through the way the style manipulates negatives to create a final product – an artwork. Harold Cazneaux was a Pictorialist photographer, born in 1878, 30th of March and living until 1953, 19th of June. He was an Australia photographer who style had a major impact on Australian photography history. Harold was born in Wellington, New Zealand where he entered many solo shows which exhibited his photographs in the windows of the Kodak Salon in Sydney. His photography was also featured in international shows organized by the London Salon of Photography and in the Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain’s annual salons. In 1916, he was the founder of the Pictorialist Sydney Camera Circle which consisted of six other photographers. In 1937 he was the first Australian to be conferred an ‘Honorary Fellowship’ by the Royal Photographic Society. He was the official photographer for a magazine called the ‘The Home’ from 1920 to 1941. Harold was also paid by Ure Smith for producing images for many of Smith’s publications such as Sydney Surfing and The Sydney Book. Harold also established the Sydney Camera Circle where it mainly embraced the uniqueness of the Australian landscape and light. ‘Peace after War and Memories’ is a photograph taken by Harold Cazneaux which was produced in 1918, right when World War I had ended. The image has a peaceful and relaxing mood with a bright atmosphere that is created by the contrast of the light and the dark clouds. Harold has established this photograph to be on a farm, out in the outback by including the horses and the farmer in the picture with the grand landscape. The beige tone of the image identifies the photograph as an ‘Australian’ landscape. The deep emotional quality of this image that is shown reflects on Harold Cazneaux’s thoughts about the war. .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569 , .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569 .postImageUrl , .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569 , .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569:hover , .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569:visited , .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569:active { border:0!important; } .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569:active , .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569 .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The History of and Impact of Photography on our World EssayHe is relieved and happy that the war has ended and knows that the future will become a happier and peaceful time than it was then. He admires the Australian landscape, especially the outback and prefers that Australia is kept as a peaceful country. This shows that Harold himself is a person that is non-violent and a relaxed natured man. Harold Cazneaux used the standard procedure of producing this image but using the Bromoil technique to produce the beige tone he needed. First he took a snapshot on an analogue camera then exposed the film to the chemicals needed. He created a silver gelatin print by using an oil print technique and then bleached his silver print in a solution of potassium bichromate. Finally he enlarged his film with the image onto the silver print and exposed it to receive his final product. Peace after War and Memories is slightly out of focus in some areas and has received some editing on the cloud to make it darker and make the light contrast better. The image was also produced with a beige tone applied to it to create a more rustic look. All of these aspects show that this belongs to the Pictorialist movement due to the on surface manipulations done to the image and the slight out of focus of the photograph. It is also similar to how an artwork would be presented with the way that the image is set out. The positioning of the farmer and the light escaping the cloud is perfect in reflecting the peaceful mood and uses the rule of thirds to balance the image out. The heavy clouds with light escaping from a crack represents the war that was raging on recently has now stopped and now hope and peace can prosper. The farming tools symbolize how the citizens of Australia must work very hard to rebuild the country against the consequences of World War I. The farmer is used to show an ordinary person from Australia who is witnessing the start of a new era of peace and prosperity after war. The wide landscape that is drawn out and displayed behind the farmer is shown to acknowledge how Australia has a large potential that can be beautiful and breathtaking if nurtured in peaceful times. Pictorialism is an important genre in the early establishment of the photography movement. Through the heated debates about whether photography is just a medium to capture image or if it can be an ‘art’, photography was able to grow as a whole and become much better in the aspect of art. Harold Cazneaux is an Australian photographer who produced the image ‘Peace after War and Memories’ which is an excellent and emotional picture that portrays the ending of a war and the bright future that will take place as Australians work hard to achieve. Using photographic manipulation and techniques to achieve his final product, Harold has accurately captured Australia and its landscape beautifully. Bibliography: https://www.nla.gov.au/selected-library-collections/harold-cazneaux-collection, National Library of Australia, Cazneaux Collection, 5/7/15 http://www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au/collection/works/117.1975/, Art Gallery NSW, Harold Cazneaux Collection, 5/7/15 http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/harold-cazneaux, Australia Gov Au, Harold Cazneaux, 5/7/15 http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/pict/hd_pict.htm, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Pictorialist Genre 4/7/15 http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/752375/Pictorialism, Encyclopedia Britannia, Pictorialism, 4/7/15

The Impact of Personality on Organizational Productivity and Change Management

Introduction The 21st century has seen the organizational environment evolve to the level of requiring strong human resource management principles. Constant change in organizations has emerged as a necessity, with managers realizing that change is important in any organization to improve its overall performance and competitiveness. Change management is the process of ensuring that organizational transformation is smooth.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Impact of Personality on Organizational Productivity and Change Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, it qualifies as an important aspect of any organization that is undergoing change. The personality traits of employees and the management team are important in determining the course of change. Such traits can influence the outcome in organizations undergoing transformation. Positive personality traits are beneficial to the overall org anizational productivity while the negative traits lead to slow implementation of change. This paper looks at change management by human resource departments in organizations. It focuses on the effect that personality has on change management and organizational performance. Personality Personality is a contributor of workforce diversity. Its effects on organizational performance have widely been studied in the field of organizational behavior. Personality is one type of organizational diversity that makes organizations more successful in relation to others (Rao 15). Organizations that are able to capitalize on the diversity of their workforce are described as being more successful than those that are unable to utilize the advantages that come along with this organizational trait (Rao 16). The diversity of workforce includes the individual similarities or differences that employees demonstrate. Therefore, personality is a good example of diversity. The performance of an organization is dependent on the personality of its workforce in a number of ways. The personality displayed by employees may be beneficial to the overall organizational performance or detrimental to the organizational productivity. The output of an individual is dependent on his or her qualities. Hardworking individuals are a benefit to the organization in terms of performance. Personality has been a subject of many studies based on its effects on organizational productivity, with researchers such as Judge, Ryan, Simon, and Yang evaluating how personality traits of employees influence their work output. Employees who have a negative attitude towards their work have high chances of performing poorly in relation to those who have a passion for their job.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One trait that researchers established to be a significant positive influence on work performan ce is conscientiousness (Aswathappa 41). Aswathappa stated that this personality trait was a powerful one in the prediction of organizational performance, with emotional stability being a weaker predictor of organizational performance. The other three personality traits that together with conscientiousness and emotional stability were considered the big five traits influencing organizational performance include â€Å"openness, agreeableness, and extraversion† (Judge et al. 1985). Other researchers have also discovered other personality traits that may be important determinants of organizational performance, including core self-evaluations (Judge et al. 1985). Change Management Organizational planning is a key determinant of its performance. In the current age of globalization and information age, organizational environments are changing at a rapid rate. Only organizations that are able to keep up with the change are able to remain competitive, with those that are slow to adap t to change missing the market. Accordingly, change is a significant disruption or alteration to the expected patterns in any process or activity (Mkoji and Sikalieh 185). Change has been a human principle since time immemorial. It is attributable to the peculiar characteristics of human beings. Organizations need to plan effectively before instituting any changes since the results of any change determine the expected outcome. Change has led to the evolvement of newer management techniques and organizational structures, with this change being at the expense of several other structures (Aswathappa 41). If not adequately managed, change in an organization has the potential to cause disastrous results. Therefore, organizations need to be in control of the factors that affect the change process in organizations to ensure that any changes work to the organizational benefit. This desire by the organizational managers and other stakeholders to influence the results brought about by any org anizational change has led to the development of change management. Change management is â€Å"Managing the process of implementing major changes in IT, business processes, organizational structures, and job assignments to reduce the risks and costs of change, and to optimize its benefits† (Andriessen and Fahlbruch 27).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Impact of Personality on Organizational Productivity and Change Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Personality and Change Management Change management requires the management of the organization to be committed to the involved processes. Available structures in an organization need to be adequate to sustain the change. In change management, the involved workers are advised to analyze the impeding changes before they implement them. They need to develop appropriate programs to alleviate and minimize any predictable extra costs and risks (Mkoji and Sikalie 185). The analysis constitutes the best ways of ensuring that the organization benefits financially to the changes. Personality is important at all levels of implementing and planning change in organizations. Human resource management is important in the process of instituting change. Important factors such as individual traits influence the way the change is handled. The personality of individuals who are tasked with organizational change determines the way they institute change (Andriessen and Fahlbruch 27). Some of the employees who are not part of the change may have personality traits that are not compatible with the change. Therefore, they end up frustrating the change efforts. The rate at which change is implemented is also dependent on the personality traits displayed by individuals who are tasked with change management. The personality of employees and the management team may be a positive influence to the process of change in an organization. People with high self-esteem, responsible, and self-driven are beneficial in the process of change management. They require minimal supervision if any. Therefore, the process of instituting change in any organization benefits from the availability of such personality traits among its workforce. Some of the major personalities that may not be beneficial to the process of change management include laziness and incompetence at the workplace. However, these personalities can be managed through appropriate and effective planning to ensure that the process of change is smooth. Human resource management needs to carry out activities such as motivational measures and employee rewarding sessions to ensure that it influences the personality of the organization’s employees in an effort to induce better and desirable traits (Judge et al. 1985). This department has the mandate to recruit employees who are competent in the organizational operations besides being able to adapt to the new changes and/o r the change processes in the organization (Aswathappa 41).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another way of neutralizing personality and its effect on organizational change to fit the organizational requirement is through the formation of teams and participation in teamwork (Andriessen and Fahlbruch 27). There is a positive correlation between the success of change management in organizations and the applied level of teamwork. Organizational productivity is a product of effective change management and the appropriate personality traits. The measurement of organizational success in the implementation of change is only possible through the organization productivity. As stated earlier, organizations that practice effective change management have a demonstrated benefit. Human resource departments can influence the personality of individuals through the promotion of an organizational culture that allows progressive interaction between employees. The most basic way that human resource managers can influence the personality of their employees based on how they associate with chang e is training (Andriessen and Fahlbruch 27). Therefore, organizations can develop a culture of training their employees and instilling the organizational values. Training on change management may begin as early as when the employees join the organization. Every change should be communicated adequately. Conclusion In conclusion, change is a necessity to any organization that desires to improve its overall performance and competitiveness in the 21st century. Therefore, change management qualifies as an important aspect of any organization that is undergoing change. This report establishes that individuality is an imperative feature to consider while dealing with change management since it can influence the outcome in organizations that wish to embrace change. There are positive impacts of personality on organizational change management. However, the negative impacts need to be avoided for organization to remain on tract in terms of its goals and objectives. Ways to assure positive cha nge management and excellent personality traits of employees include teamwork and employee training. Therefore, organizations are encouraged to embark on training of their employees as a strategy of boosting their personality, especially with regard to their attitude towards their work and workplace. Works Cited Andriessen, Erik and Babette Fahlbruch. How to manage experience sharing from organizational surprises to organizational knowledge. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2004. Print. Aswathappa, Kevin. Organizational behavior. India: Himalaya Pub. House, 2009. Print. Judge, Timothy, Klinger Ryan, Lauren Simon and Irene Yang. â€Å"The Contributions of Personality to Organizational Behavior and Psychology: Findings, Criticisms, and Future Research Directions.† Social and Personality Psychology Compass 2.5 (2008): 1982–2000. Print. Mkoji, Davis and Damary Sikalieh. â€Å"The Influence of Personality Dimensions on Organizational Performance.† International Journal of Humani ties and Social Science 2.17(2012): 184-194. Print. Rao, Paul. Organizational behavior. India: Himalaya Pub. House, 2010. Print. This research paper on The Impact of Personality on Organizational Productivity and Change Management was written and submitted by user Trey Dillon to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Electrostatic loudspeakers essays

Electrostatic loudspeakers essays The field theory applies in many principles of technology. From communications and transportation and all the way to entertainment. Today, entertainment is a big part of our lives. It includes roller-coasters, satellites, TVs, sound and much more. Sound, or more specifically speakers, have started from the plain wooden boxes, and have traveled a long way to reach today's technology. Today, speakers are built much stronger, with better designs, and higher capability. As the technology continues to emerge into entertainment, speakers improve and get even better. Today, a few year study and enhancement in technology makes it possible for speakers to reach a new era. A technology still developing has come out with electrostatic loudspeakers (ESLs) which are quite different from the current speakers. Mainly, because they do not use magnets. They use static electricity. But before we step forwards into this new era, lets understand the speakers we use today. These speakers are called electromagnetic speakers. They are built from a plastic cone (usually plastic) which is attached to a metal which is wrapped around with a wire. Around that a magnet is placed. When the music is not playing, the cone stays in place and no sound and is created. When the music is playing, it is converted into electricity and travels through the wire, hence charging it. Because, the charges constantly switch from positive to negative and vice versa, they are pushed back an d forth by the magnet. Because of the movement, sound waves are created. Electrostatic loudspeakers, take a step back from the rules of magnets, and use the most basic laws of physics. Electrostatic loudspeakers are made of three layers. They are made of a coated diaphragm, which is sandwiched by two stators. The diaphragm is one of the three key components of the speaker. It is an extremely thin film (1/10th of human hair) , whose weight is irrelevant. The diaphragm is the reason why ESL s...

The Three Musketeers Book Report Profile

The Three Musketeers Book Report Profile The first step in writing an excellent book report is reading the book and marking interesting phrases or notable features in the margins. You should use active reading skills to retain the most from the text. Your book report should contain all of the following, in addition to the plot summary. Title and Publication The Three Musketeers was written in 1844. It was published in serial form in the French magazine, Le Siecle over the course of 5 months. The novel’s current publisher is Bantam Books, New York. Author Alexandre Dumas Setting The Three Musketeers is set in 17th century France during the reign of Louis XIII. The story takes place predominantly in Paris, but the protagonist’s adventures take him across the French countryside and as far as England. Though the novel is based on historical information, and many of the events, such as the siege of New Rochelle, really occurred, Dumas has taken artistic liberties with many of the characters. It should not be looked at as a factual account of this period. Instead, the novel should be recognized as a fine example of the genre of Romance. Characters D’Artagnan, the protagonist, a poor but intelligent Gascon who has come to Paris to join The Musketeers and make his fortune. Athos, Porthos, Aramis, the Musketeers for whom the novel is named. These men become D’Artagnan’s closest friend and share in his adventures, his successes, and his failures.Cardinal Richelieu, the second most powerful man in France, the Cardinal is the enemy of D’Artagnan and the Musketeers and the chief antagonist of the novel. He is great statesman and strategist but is driven by a need for control to commit devious acts designed to advance his own cause.Anne de Breuil (Lady de Winter, Milady), an agent of the Cardinal and a woman devoured by greed and bent on vengeance. She becomes a particular enemy of D’Artagnan.Count de Rochefort, the first enemy D’Artagnan makes and an agent of the Cardinal. His destiny is closely tied to that of D’Artagnan. Plot The novel follows D’Artagnan and his friends through several court intrigues and amorous encounters. These accounts are entertaining adventures that not only advance the plot but, perhaps more importantly, describe the fundamentals of court society as well as revealing character. As the story develops, its focus narrows to center on the struggle between Milady and D’Artagnan; the heart of the story is the war waged between good and evil. D’Artagnan and his friends, even considering their immoral actions, are cast as protectors of King and Queen while Milady and the Cardinal represent consummate evil. Questions to Ponder The questions to follow will help you detect important themes and ideas in the novel: Structure of the novel: This book was first published as a serial. How may that have dictated the exposition of the plot?Dumas engages his readers by addressing them directly throughout the novel. What reasons might the author have had for doing this, and how does it affect the overall success of the story? Consider the conflict between individuals: How do D’Artagnan and his friends differ from what we expect of our heroes?Can you find any sympathy for Milady? Why or why not? Examine the traditional roles of this society: What is chivalry?Dumas tells his readers that â€Å"Our modern ideas of pride had not yet come into fashion.† How is the morality of this time different from our own?How does life at court drive the characters toward their destinies? Possible First Sentences Consider these examples as possible first sentences for your book report: â€Å"The genre of Romance always contains the thematic elements of love and chivalry and The Three Musketeers is no exception.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Milady is a woman centuries ahead of her time.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Friendship is the most valuable asset one can possess.†

The effects of global recession on local economies Essay

The effects of global recession on local economies - Essay Example Multinational and international industries, local industries, government establishments and the consumers themselves are all affected by the changes in the economic standing of the country. Global recession has a great impact on the value of local and international currencies, generally affecting end-users and households. In effect, the buying capability of the consumers goes down. And because of how global recession significantly impacts consumers and local economies, I want to delve deeper into these effects. This paper will discuss the different areas of the local economy such as employment, investment spending, profit and capacity utilization. This will enable us to understand and demonstrate how local economies are able to survive or not. This paper also aims to compare and contrast the different theories associated with recession, like the neoclassical perspective and the Keynesian perspective, and how applicable it is on explaining the effects of global recession on local economies. To know the effects on the local economies at the present time, I will look at the volume of production and service of local companies in contrast to the demands of the market, the unemployment and employment rate and the success or failure of investment projects in contrast to the fluctuations of the value of the local

Army Battle command systems including the software Research Paper

Army Battle command systems including the software - Research Paper Example The other target groups are other officers in the joint military forces. Missions Command deploys such technologies in the management of such operations. The leadership is therefore able to make logical and well-informed decisions. Project management is also very constructive in the planning of activities in the order of priority. Project management is essential for every organization. It enables organizations to take care of the resources and time, and ensures that the objectives of and the project are achieved. Secondly, with systematic project management styles, it is easy to monitor the progress of every project and to determine the outcome. In fact, it is possible for project managers to predict the results of the projects. Third, it enables the organization to plan its activities in the order of priority. For example, software design precedes testing and implementation. Finally, it assists an organization in evaluation of projects to establish the feasibility and the value of the projects. Projects are organized according to the strategic plan of the organization. The leadership prepares strategic plans for every year, with the number of projects to be conducted. The organization of projects determines the sequence of projects, in a manner that multiple projects can run concurrently. For example, in the software design and development project, more than one system can be developed concurrently. While one project reaches the implementation stage, the other project can be found to have reached the documentation and test stage. The organization of the projects depends on the available resources, the urgency of project implementation and the available time for the projects. Organizations work with the project plans to eliminate confusion between multiple projects running concurrently. At any instance, the project management can provide the status of every project and the stages remaining for the

IP address Final Essay Example for Free

IP address Final Essay WAN Design lt;namegt; Axia College The ACME Manufacturing company, headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, is growing at a fast pace. Located at the Atlanta campus are two offices, one houses the operations, marketing, administration, and accounting sections. The other building has offices for the engineering and sales departments. ACME is spread throughout the United States; with offices in New York, Chicago, and Phoenix. They have also recently acquired a facility in China. With the recent expansion, ACME will need a new wide area network (WAN) and a state-of-the-art phone system to ensure the company operates at optimal levels. To make administration of the ACME WAN easier the network should be designed using the star topology. With this configuration, each branch office will have only a direct connection back to the headquarters in Atlanta. The type of connection to each location stateside can vary on the size of the remote office. I would recommend going with a minimum of a full T1 line or even a T3. The China location can be connected via a satellite connection leased by the company. The following figure is a graphical representation of the WAN configuration. Atlanta T1 T1 T1 New York Phoenix Chicago China Satellite WAN Layout for ACME Manufacturing IP Ranges For modeling purposes, let’s assume ACME is using a class B network address; for example 192. 168. x. x. To help keep the individual departments separate, the network administration will need to configure a few subnets. Each subnet on the network will be a VLAN, or virtual local area network. In order for us to have the proper amount of subnets, the subnet mask will be set to 255. 255. 240. 0. This will give ACME a maximum of sixteen subnets and 4,094 hosts in each subnet. Hardware Requirements New Cisco switches and routers will supply the routing necessary for Acme’s data. Cisco Catalyst switches will provide VLAN functionality; these switches can accept broadcast packets and forward them only through the ports that are designated by the VLAN configuration; this enhances security by keeping interdepartmental traffic from reaching other departments. Using VTP, all VLANs will only need to be configured from the switch acting as the VTP server. The Cisco routers will define broadcast domains and will use the link-state routing protocol OSPF that works well with the IP addressing scheme in use. STP, configured on the Cisco switches, will allow us to build redundancy into the network and avoid data loops (Regan, 2004). Wireless technologies promote productivity by allowing network users to remain connected to the network when using wireless devices. The installation of wireless access points will grant high-speed network connectivity to wireless devices. Because Acme will be leasing dedicated network media, a CSU/DSU will be required to terminate those lines at each of the distribution locations and at the headquarters building. CSUs/DSUs also place digital signals on the line, control transmission strength, support loopback tests, and synchronize the timing received on the line. Leased lines require a different frame type to be used for data than is regularly used in a LAN environment; a CSU/DSU also converts LAN frames into frames usable on the leased lines (Regan, 2004). Telephony With all of the new technology sprouting up daily, and the cost of long distance calls dropping, a feasible solution would be to install a private branch exchange (PBX) at each location. But with the addition of China into the company’s holdings, a voice over internet protocol (VoIP) system would be the better choice to avoid international charges. With a VoIP system, each location can be set up on a three or four digit dialing plan so users can communicate easier. For example, John in Atlanta can dial a four digit number and reach Chang in China. Security After the infrastructure is set up and the network is online, the security of the network is the most important job of the network team. By keeping all devices up to date with the latest security patches, anti-virus, and spyware removal tools will help eliminate malicious bugs from infecting your system. By installing firewalls at each location and only opening the ports needed for email, http, ftp, etc will keep hackers out of your system and your data safe. Set up a policy that forces users to change their passwords every 90 days using an alpha-numeric and special character code. Even going as far as adding a PKI system to your login will help keep your network limited to authorized users. References Regan, P. E. (2004). Wide area networks. Upper Saddle River, N. J. : Pearson/Prentice Hall. Ou, G. (2006, June 28). IP subnetting made easy. Retrieved August 2, 2010, from TechRepublic: http://articles. techrepublic. com. com/5100-10878_11-6089187. html Yudkowsky, C. (2002, July). Voice Over IP vs PBX. Retrieved August 2, 2010, from VoIP News: http://www. voip-news. com/byte2. htm

The Important Role of Mathematicians in Society Essay -- essays resear

The Important Role of Mathematicians in Society Thesis Statement This report will focus on the professional field of mathematicians. It will highlight some of the history, responsibilities, opportunities, and requirements of this occupation. Outline I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Introduction A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A condensed history of mathematics B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Famous mathematicians and their accomplishments II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Body A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Opportunities for mathematicians B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Education and training C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Requirements D.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Earnings III.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Conclusion A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Good mathematicians are problem solvers Mathematicians: Making numerous contributions A mathematician is described as someone who uses logic or theory to solve problems. Mathematicians and their craft have been making milestones in history ever since the Neanderthal man became homo - sapiens and began communicating, with the use of speech. The first period of time in the history of mathematics is known as the Chinese / Egyptian / Babylonian Period. This era starts in 50,000 B.C., and reaches to 601 B.C. During this primitive age, man used notches in bones, and clay tokens for counting. Sundials were used as a method of telling time and keeping track of the days. The most infamous mathematician from this time was Ahmes of papyrus. Ahmes was the author of the Egyptian scribe â€Å"The Rhind papyrus†; it is one of the oldest mathematical documents in existence. The Greek Period (600B.C. – 499 A.D.) took mathematics far beyond the realm of counting and measuring time. The Greeks brought a variety of great minds to life, including Thales of Miletus, Archimedes, Apollonius, Euclid, and Democritus. They began using logic to explore new mathematical concepts. Pythagoras of Samos was one of the foremost logical minds of this age. He is the inventor of abstract mathematics, and the founder of the â€Å"Pythagoras Theorem†. This theorem is still used today, in modern geometric equations The Hindu / Arabian Period (500A.D. – 1199A.D.), gave us Aryabhata the Elder and Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khowarizmi. Al-Khowarizmi wrote a very important Egyptian book titled â€Å"Al-jabr† His book helped to advance the study of algebra, and is re... ... salary for a government mathematician is $62,000; for mathematical statisticians, $65,660   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion, â€Å"Good mathematicians do not rush in to apply a formula or an equation. Instead, they try to understand the problem situation; they consider alternative representations and relations among variables. Only when satisfied that they understand the situation and all the variables in a qualitative way do they start to apply the quantification.† Bibliography   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mathematics its power and utility Sixth Edition Karl J Smith   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Math & Mathematics The history of Math Discoveries around the World   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vol. 1&2 Leonard C. Bruno   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Career Discovery Encyclopedia Volume 5 Ferguson Publishing company   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Encyclopedia of Careers & Vocational Guidance- Eleventh Edition VOL. 1 & 3 Ferguson Publishing Company   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A History of Mathematics –Midair MacCormaic

Is Cricket Killing Other Sports in India? Essay

It is a fact that people in India eat, live, sleep, talk and walk cricket. Some feel that Cricket in India is becoming an obstacle in the progress of other sports. M. S Gill, the sports minister of the country painstakingly said, â€Å"Television, commercialization and the advertising world have promoted cricket to an extent that it has become a Mount Everest, which is badly affecting other sports in the country. † Cricket has become the religion of India and the national anthem of the country, so much so that the word â€Å"sports† has become synonymous with cricket. Cricket runs as the life flowing blood through the veins of the multitude. Yes, cricket is the â€Å"god of sports† in India. I am not being even the least sarcastic when I say this, but unfortunately this is the sorry state of affairs in our country. Cricket has sounded a death knell to the growth of other sports. Traditional Indian games like hockey, kabaddi, kushti have been demoted to a bygone era. Even international sports like tennis, badminton and football have not been shown any mercy despite us being so â€Å"West-crazy†. We hail cricket as the be all and end all of all sports. Hockey, the so called National Sport of India has shown the most inconsistent progress, if it can actually be called progress. There was a time when India did win the Hockey World Cup in 1975 and people showed a keen interest in the sport, but not so anymore. The sport has died a natural death from lack of leadership and sponsorship. (Rather, it would be more apt to say due to a diversion of sponsors to cricket) We do have a Sania Mirza, a Leander Paes and a Mahesh Bhupati bringing laurels to the country in the field of tennis; a Vishwanathan Anand in the field of chess. Then why have chess and tennis not been accorded their true status as cricket has been? Why aren’t they put on the same pedestal and worshipped as cricket? Millions throng the cricket stadium when there is an India-Pakistan match to boost the morale of their country but where does this â€Å"morale boosting brigade† disappear when sportsmen other than cricketers need them. Don’t Mirza, Paes, Bhupati and Anand also play for their country just as cricketers do? Prime time on television is given to cricket. Even a toddler is able to detail at length, the rules of this sport. All ace cricketers are forever in the news, be it for their promotion of various brands which has regretfully become a second money minting business for them, or for their liaison with some damsel from Bollywood. There is full truth that an equal exposure is not given to all sports in the country. There is a need to reform the other sports too. Let’s take inspiration from cricket and allow sports persons from other fields to have the same opportunities, earnings and affections as well.

Deconstruction of Satire Cartoons

Chad Salow 1st hour English 11 February 13th, 2013 Deconstruction of a Cartoon. The form of satire that is portrayed in the cartoon I have chosen is mockery. This form of satire is aimed to make fun of something. The purpose of the cartoon is to make fun of the average business person in wealth and poverty. It is showing a large bird in its nest, cuckooing to another smaller bird above him for the money it is holding in his beak.The larger bird is in a struggle for the money reaching out as far as it can go before he would fall to the ground. While the smaller bird holding the money is looking angered, because his money is trying to be taken from him. Every cartoon has its purpose In why it was drawn. But the cartoonist’s purpose in this cartoon was to describe the average middle class business person trying to make his way into life by reaching out for everything that he could take.The larger bird in the nest would be the form of poverty and the smaller bird with the money wo uld represent wealth. The cartoonist is trying to show how anyone would reach out for money in times like this because they are struggling for it. Mainly middle and lower class people. The problems that the cartoonist is addressing are how there are to many people and family’s that are suffering under poverty and the wealthy are holding to much money, make to much money in which they don’t need or don’t reach out to the people who need it.A good example is a large company that makes loads of money from their products but wont have their products made from the country that they are in. But instead they pay others half the price to make it so they can rack up money but pay others poorly. It would seem to me that the cartoonist would like if these wealthy people would share their money or reach out further to give to others but instead, they want to be greedy. Mockery is the form of satire in which the cartoonist used in this cartoon.The cartoonist is making fun of the fact that this business person or â€Å"bird† is cuckooing for the money. That’s only because the bird wants it so badly. The cartoon could also represent some type of irony because nothing is just givin to you. It must be earned and maybe that’s why the wealthy bird wont hand it over. The humor is this cartoon is most definitely visual. The whole meaning of the cartoon is visual besides for the cuckoo! It gives strong humor in the picture of both birds. That is why I had chosen this cartoon for satire deconstruction.

Car-Wreck Compounds

Car-Wreck Compounds Car-Wreck Compounds Car-Wreck Compounds By Mark Nichol You see them everyday, whenever you login to a Web site or rollover an ad: what should be open compounds suffering from the compositional equivalent of a roadway rear-ender. The error of writing â€Å"everyday† (an adjective meaning â€Å"ordinary†) when you mean â€Å"every day† (synonymous with â€Å"each day†) has already been covered in another post, but this mistake is common with verbs, too. When you go to a Web site and type your username and password, you are logging in, so you should style the verb â€Å"log in† similar to the verb phrase â€Å"check in.† By the same token, when you glide your cursor over an online ad to activate it, you’re rolling over it, so the phrase is written â€Å"roll over.† (Think about it: When you stumble to avoid a feline on a beeline, you don’t fallover.) Oooh! Oooh! Oooh! Yes, I see you there in the front row, wildly waving your upraised hand. I know what you’re going to say: â€Å"But we see them like that all the time!† That’s why I call them viral car-wreck compounds: Back when the Internet was young, someone unfamiliar with the niceties of verb phrases, someone perhaps more at ease with programming languages than the magnificent mess we call English, once developed a Web site that directed visitors to â€Å"login.† More recently, when the first interactive ad was enabled, a programmer incorrectly typed the command â€Å"rollover.† But wait – does this mean that â€Å"login† and â€Å"rollover† aren’t real words? Sure they are they’re nouns. Your username and password comprise your login, and your cursor’s ad-surfing motion is a rollover. They’re equivalent in structure to the two other closed compounds I used in the sentence preceding this one. Then, others saw the train-wreck treatments but reiterated them, mistaking the labels â€Å"login† and â€Å"rollover† for the directives â€Å"log in† and â€Å"roll over† without recognizing the mistake, and the clunky compounds were unwittingly compounded. (That’s the very definition of a virus a self-replicating error.) But that magnificent mess we call English changes its rules all the time, you persist. Yes, it does. But don’t capitulate before it’s time. That’s why we have manuals of best practices like â€Å"Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary† and â€Å"The Chicago Manual of Style.† (The former cue gritting teeth defends the validity of â€Å"alright,† for example, but has resisted conceding to â€Å"alot.†) For the sake of professional pride, we must agree to codified consistency until the walls are breached. For my part, you’ll have to roll over my dead body (after, of course, you log in). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Passed vs Past15 Great Word GamesShore It Up

How to Concentrate in Class

How to Concentrate in Class A class can get boring and you can get distracted. Your professor is long-winded, your best friend is hilarious, or your cell phone keeps going off. But learning how to concentrate in class is imperative to getting a good grade and actually learning something. Here are some tips for how to concentrate in class when the distractions seem like too much to handle. How to Concentrate on Class 1. Sit Near the Front The front row isn’t just for the nerds. (Although being a nerd is really, really  cool because nerds tend to end up ruling the world).  Sitting in the front of the class will automatically help you concentrate because it takes away any distractions (whisperers, texters, coughers, etc.) in front of you. 2. Participate The people who have learned how to concentrate know that they need to participate actively in class. Engage the teacher in conversation. Raise your hand for every question. Start a discussion. The more engaged you are with the lecture, the more you will want to concentrate on it. So, it is a way of fooling yourself into concentrating. Trick yourself into getting interested even if you cant imagine that you could be. Youll surprise yourself by how interested you really are if you give it a shot. . 3. Take Good Notes Get your pen working to keep your mind focused. Many kinesthetic learners are jittery – their brain doesn’t connect that they are working when they’re just listening. If you’re one of those people, and you can find out here if you are, then move your pen and take good notes during the lecture to help you concentrate. 4. Turn Off Your Phone If you really need to concentrate, then turn off your phone completely. No cheating by setting it to vibrate! Nothing will jar your concentration more than getting a text from a friend or a notification from social media during a lecture. 5. Eat a Healthy Breakfast Hunger can be a big distraction. It is tough to concentrate when you would rather be raiding the buffet at the your local restaurant. Grab some brain food before you head to class in order to get rid of a very obvious distraction. 6. Get a Good Night’s Sleep For maximum concentration, make sure you have slept at least eight hours. I know it can be tough to do, especially in college, but your concentration will be almost gone if you are fighting fatigue. Get some shut-eye so you can pay attention to the things that matter most. 7. Reward Yourself If you really have trouble focusing in class, then reward yourself at the end of class for paying attention. Indulge in your favorite latte, add five bucks to your â€Å"saving for shoes† account, or even just give yourself mini rewards throughout the class period like a piece of candy or a brief phone check if youve concentrated for fifteen minutes. Give yourself something to work for besides your good grade if that hasn’t been enough of a motivator. 8. Get the Jitters Out If you are an antsy person – one of those kinesthetic learners – and your teacher is not able to allow you to move in the classroom, then make sure you have gotten your energy out before class. Run laps around the library. Take the stairs everywhere you go. Ride your bike to class. Use some of your energy beforehand, so you can concentrate during your class period. 9. Change It Up If you can feel your ability to concentrate starting to slip, then change something. Get a new pen from your bag. Cross your other leg. Stretch. Tense and flex your muscles. Take a moment to give yourself a brief break from the monotony. You’ll be surprised how well this works to get you back on track.

CHAPTER 8 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CHAPTER 8 - Coursework Example When carrying out research, it is important to eliminate bias acts in the process. Using a method that freely involves any of the students will reduce biasness in the manner of selecting students for the survey. In probability sampling, there is a previous knowledge of the probability that a student participates in the survey (Maxfield and Earl, 223). The sample collected from the chosen respondents reflects the general feeling of the total population from which the samples originate. Probability sampling has advantages over other methods of survey. The first advantage is that it offers a better representation of the population than the other methods of survey. The manner of choosing the participants allows for proper representation of the people in the population. Through this, therefore, the method avoids biasness that could occur in choosing participants. The second advantage is that probability sampling gives an opportunity for the sampler to estimate the accuracy of the survey. Through drawing conclusions on probability theory, it is possible to estimate success or failure of the method accurately (Maxfield and Earl,

32 Short Films About Glenn Gould Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

32 Short Films About Glenn Gould - Movie Review Example He travelled and played music in front of the audience till the age of 31 and after that he took retirement. His last performance was in Los Angelesin April 1964.After that he took to recording, broadcasting and writing. It is widely known that he preferred playing his own piano and he once commented, â€Å"it is the best vehicle to express my ideas.† He has acclaimed various awards in his life and the movie made in his honor, i.e. 32 Short Films About Glenn Gould had 8 nominations and 3 wins. He died of a stroke on October 4, 1982, and was laid to rest in Mount Pleasant Cemetery in Toronto, Ontario, Canada(Janet). The mere idea of eccentricity is overrun in this movie as Gould was notoriously famous for not showing up on public performances. It is also said that his last performance at the stage was held when he was 31 years of age and more surprisingly, this event was held without disclosing the fact that this is going to be the last stage performance by him. It is not hard to imagine the reason why he disliked this idea and why he ventured into recording and broadcasting(Janet). The obvious reason for not showing up in public anymore is given in this movie and it says that he did not like the idea that some people had better seats and hence they could have a better view than the rest. This leads to the conclusion, that only some of the people could enjoy, while the rest enjoyed because they had paid for it. In the movie 32 Short Films About Glenn Gould, the director, Francois Girard, has broken a tradition of making movies on celebrities(Janet). Previously, such films were made as fiction and certain events were added to make it appear the film to be realistic. However, this film involves each detail that actually happened and much effort has been divested to arrange concerts, costumes, Gould’s all important family members and his tutor’s appearance; all have been noted down with extreme dexterity. In short, this movie can act as a true biography of the life of Glenn Gould. Gould had a habit of wetting his hands in warm water before performing and it has been noted that doing this gave him more confidence and comfort while playing piano. Adding to the eccentricities, he is seldom portrayed as wearing a coat even in blistering summers and that later came to be known as his signature appearance. Among his other eccentricities, he developed a habit of talking to his friends and family over a long period of time on the telephone while he seldom had a one to one conversation with them. Though, he had quit live performances, he still travelled a lot and composed music in various lodges and hotels. In fact he is one of the few pianists who have left behind a legacy of hundreds of recordings of his music. From the above two examples from his daily life, we come to know that he was an introvert yet an entertainer. Though, he refrained from company, as he withdrew from public audience and then his friends too, yet he found o ut a way to entertain people through his music. His fame was such that his performance of the Bach’s Goldberg Variations has left board on Voyager One on the solar system. Through these examples, we as audience see that Gould was a man of talent and someone who was so passionate about his music that he composed till he died(Janet). The character of Glenn Gould has been taken up by Colm Feore. Throughout the movie he is portrayed as a man in various stages of his life, from the very beginning till the very end. The pianist is shown as a calm and a poised man who is intent upon hearing upon each and every single voice uttered. There are various scenes in the movie which show that Gould is sitting in a

Marketing Plan on LIFESAVERS(CANDY) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing Plan on LIFESAVERS(CANDY) - Essay Example mize the unique talents of its associates so that they can feel valued and remain associated to each other and to Wrigley by inculcating those values. The company’s strategy comprises of four-pronged approach-focusing on the workforce, work place and market place. The company is also committed to certain factors like to create consumer friendly sustainable packaging, reducing packaging weights by 10% from 2015 onwards. They are committed to use sustainable materials and partnering with sustainable suppliers, increasing recycled contents in case of packaging and designing the materials which will be effective from 2015 (Wrigley, n.d.). The company is now publicly traded in NYSE (New York Stock Exchange).The analysis of the company shows it is based on Michael Porter’s five forces model. The model is used to find out the three important aspects of the industry, competition, profitability, and attractiveness of the industry. Three forces, rivalry among existing firms, threats of new entrants and threats of substitute products is used to analyze the competitiveness of the firm (Inman & Et. Al., 2007). Marketers divide the target market into various segments on the basis of homogeneous needs. The customers are segmented on the basis of broad similarity with regards to certain attributes such as tastes, preferences. Lifesavers candy is targeted for all age group of people. Being a non-chocolate product it is free from melting in hot summers. These candies are made from fruit carp. The new innovated product serves the purpose of its customers well in the hot summer which provides a boost to the summer sales of this candy. Keeping in mind about the customers taste and preferences the candy comes in different flavors and colors. Pep O Mint, Wint O Green, sweet and sour strings, Hawaiian fruits, strawberry apple, cherry lemonade, butter Rum, wild cherry are some of its varieties. The product is available in all sizes, from small to big packs. These are mainly a

Sociological Areas Of Criminology Sociology Essay

Sociological Areas Of Criminology Sociology Essay Before discussing the social areas of crime. We have to understand what crime is? if any body breaks the criminal laws it may be defined as crime. (sociology making..,2009,page- 556) In sociological aspect of crime sociologists believe that crime cannot be properly understood without examining the surrounding social, political and economical context (http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-sociological-criminology.htm). The sociological areas of studying crime is really massive. Sometimes the criminals may be caught and sometimes they may not. Some criminals use to advertise themselves and some keep silence. The numbers of crime is always high than the numbers shown. Sociological study of crime is basically the case study of those criminals who breaks the rules of society and not advertise themselves because ht behaviour is always much problematic and painful. The study of crime is always tough because the researchers need to find the subject. In sociological approach the study depends on th e way which highlights that how anyone does crime. What social conditions compailed the person to do a crime and be a criminal. Sociological criminology seeks to explain crime`s relationship to social and environmental change. Another area of social criminology is based on marxism theory. It highlights that crime is ultimately the result of conflict between different social classes. This theory believes that basically laws are made by the group that is in power, to control people who are not in power. This is conflict theory of crime or critical criminology. Another sociological areas of criminology is social process criminology which explain that how people criminals. In this study basic focus is on criminal behaviour as learned behaviour. So, we can say that in sociological areas of criminology we emphasis on social situations responsible for crime. (sociology making..,2009,page- 557) Sociological areas of family Family is the strongest bond of society. It is the main institution of society which is found within the households. Family always changes across time and place and its a social construction. (mckie et al,2005,page- 445) In sociology areas of family we study the various theoretical approaches to the family. Some sociological approaches of families are functionalist, feminist and new rights perspective. The functionalist theory of family is based on socialization. It emphasis that the family socialise its members and this socialisation is beneficial for both family and the society. Feminist approach is the study based on the position of a men within a patriarchal society. The new sight perspective is the study that how family teaches its members that what is wrong and what is right. Another sociological areas of family is the study of decline in family. This area is based on the study of social problems related with family. This study is mostly based on western society. First part of this area is based on family violence. Family is a good and peaceful place but according to this study family can be a dangerous place to be. This problem is mostly caused in nuclear family. Domestic violence is another s ocial problem of family. Physical force applied on women and children caused by aggressiveness is the part of domestic violence. In simple words we can say that the sociological area of family describes both benefits and problems of the society caused by the family. Sociological areas of media Present age is the age of media. Media is unseparated part of today`s life. Most of the information we gathered from the media. In one hand media educates us and in other it is the real source of connecting people. Many types of media is present in today`s society like television, radio, newspaper, internet, etc. We can say that without media we cannot imagine the normal life. It is the accepted part of life. We spend our maximum part of time and money for using media. In (1998, brigs and cobley) extend his views to assert that as we more into the new millenmium the media are increasingly a central part of our lives, our cultures and global economics. (sociology making..,2009,page- 685) Because of this mass effect media has vast sociological area. It shows a very effective role in society different writers analayse and identified the different aspects of media in society. (Mcquail ,1994) drawed a red sketch on media`s social areas. As (mcquail ,1994) described some important social areas of media is as follows:- Information: à ¢-  Media circulates the information about different conditions and events of world and society. à ¢-  It indicates the relation of power. à ¢-  Media facilitate the innovations, adaptions and progress. Correlation: à ¢-  Media explains, interprets and comments on the meaning of events and information. à ¢-  Media provides support to established authority and norms. à ¢-  Media does consensus building. à ¢-  Media sets orders of priorities and signalling relative status. Continuity: à ¢-  Media expresses the dominant culture and recorganises subcultures and new cultural developments. à ¢-  It forges and maintaines common values. Entertainment: à ¢-  Media provides amusement, diversion and means of relaxation. à ¢-  Media reduces social tension by the resource of entertainment. Mobilization: à ¢-  Media campaigning for societal objectives in the sphere of polities, war, economic development, work and sometimes religion. (Mcquail, 1994:79), (sociology making, 2009, page-712) In conclusion we can say that media has the power to change the attitudes and behaviour of society. Media is an important factor of socialization. Media influences on the individual, the group, the institution or culture in general. Moral panics In the words of (stanlay cohen, 1987) moral panic is a condition, episode, person or group of persons became defined as a threat to societal values and interests. (http://en.citizendium.org/moralpanic) As (stanly cohen, 1987) described in his book (Folk devils and moral panics) some moral panics of society are:- à ¢-  Young, working- class, violent males, youth culture and juvenile delinquency. à ¢-  School violence. à ¢-  Bad drugs, wrong drugs used by wrong people at wrong times. à ¢-  Child abuse, sexual and satanic. à ¢-  Sex, violence and blaming media. à ¢-  Welfare cheats and single mothers. à ¢-  Pornography. à ¢-  Refuges and asylum seekers. (http://en.citizendium.org/moralpanic) The idea of moral panic was originally developed to explain the demonization of young people as a social problem and the scapegoating of certain subcultural groups in particular. (sociology making..,2009,page- 735) Jock young used firstly the term moral panic to describe the impact upon public anxiety of creation of `drug squads` in 1960s. Then this concept borrowed by (Stan cohen, 1972) in his classic study of mods and rockers and their treatment by the media and the police in the early 1960s. Stanley cohen, 1972 showed in his work that how media intervention gave from to different subcultural groups and represented them as threatening `folk devil`. In nineteenth century the famous sociologist (person, 1983) used the idea of moral panic to explore the fears generated by the emergence of urban gangs. As (person, 1983) conclude cited in (Toynbee,1983) that every era has its young gangs that catch the terrified imagination of the respectable. Every era also has its myth about a previou s golden age of traditional values, a time when it was safer to walk the streets. Intervention of media gives youth subcultures national exposure and degree of uniformity and definition. (sociology making, 2009, page-734-735)

Belize Logistics Essay -- Belize

The history of Belize dates back thousands of years. The official name of the territory was changed from British Honduras to Belize in June 1973. â€Å"The current government of Belize took form when they declared their independence in 1981. This government is headed by the Queen of the United Kingdom, Queen Elizabeth II, who is acting head of state. The Queen is represented by a Governor General due to her having to reside in Great Britain. The Governor General is the true authority in power; however, he does not officially run the government that is led by the Prime Minister and his cabinet. Currently in the Senate there are 12 members, plus the President of the Senate. The Governor General appoints 6 senators on advice of the Prime Minister, 3 on advice of the leader of the opposition, one member on the advice of the Belize Council of Churches and Evangelical Association of Churches and two other members from two separate organizations.† (http://www.islandflave.com/caribbean-politics/615-belize-politics) â€Å"Belize has a public-private economy with tourism as the number one foreign exchange earner followed by exports of marine products, citrus, sugar, bananas, and garments. Agriculture currently provides some 71% of the country's total foreign exchange earnings, and employs approximately 29% of the total labour force. Belize has a viable fishing industry. Belize's fisheries are exploited for commercial, as well as for subsistence purposes, and are one of the most heavily exploited natural resources. In an effort to maximize the benefits obtained from the fishing industry, while ensuring its long-term viability, fisheries managers are promoting an expansion in production through diversification of this resource base. Belize's fishin... ...m/Does-Donts.htm http://articles.cnn.com/2006-11-30/travel/if.you.go_1_belizean-belikin-beer-dos?_s=PM:TRAVEL http://www.customs.gov.bz/traveller.html http://belize-guide.info/travel.basics/customs/ http://www.voyage.gc.ca/countries_pays/report_rapport-eng.asp?id=29000 http://www.belizefirst.com/MoneyandBankinginBelize.htm http://gocentralamerica.about.com/od/belizeguide/p/BelizeSafety.htm http://www.paradisepath.com/belize_safety.htm http://www.belizedistrict.com/tips.html#safety http://belize.com/medical-care-in-belize.html http://www.guidetobelize.info/en/yellow-pages/belize-health-care-medical-current-guide.shtml http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/north-central-america/belize http://www.islandflave.com/caribbean-politics/615-belize-politics http://www.islandflave.com/caribbean-politics/615-belize-politics

The Essense Of Buddhism

John Snelling has written that scientists with their scientific information have succeeded in sending space craft to distant planets or even probe to remote quarters of the planet with radio telescopes, (Snelling 7). They may investigate the mysteries of the sub atomic world with electron microscopes. But the thing that infact know least about is this great mystery that is right here with us all the time- the heart of the matter behind Buddhism.For like every one they subscribe to consensus view and don’t give the matter a second thought. Thus, according to John Snelling of the London Buddhist Society, these scientists fail to see what is right under their nose, (291). Buddhist is concerned, Snelling has found, with the unravelling of this mystery. In the first sense it is necessary to see through the great delusion of ‘I', of the so called person. Then it is a matter of finding what really is there.And how plot thickens to penetrate this mystery is to penetrate the ulti mate mystery, the mystery of the heart of all things, and confront what the Christians called God, the Hindus Brahman or Atman-and it goes by other names in other religions. Buddhists, however hesitate to put a name to it or say anything or say anything at all about it. It is they maintain something that cannot be grasped by intellect or described in words.It cannot be seen directly; but that seeing brings about something truly miraculous: a total transformation, no less. The veils of delution fall away and last the world is perceived as it truly is. At the same time a deep compassion also crystallizes: a pure, self less kindliness and caring born of an understanding of the unity of all beings. Therefore, as has been established by John Snelling in his ‘The Buddhist handbook: a complete Guide to Buddhist Teaching and Practice', (7) Buddhism is quite simple.But as, Snelling has found out simple things are always hard to fully realize, so people need all kinds of aids and suppor t. A vast superstructure according to Snelling has therefore grown up around the basic heart core of the Buddha’s teaching: mountains of philosophical speculation, a voluminous literature, monastic codes and ethical systems, histories, cosmologies, different types of ritual and meditation practice, institutions and hierarchies. John Snelling writes of one Shuan Chin ken who wrote a preface to a text book (mumonkan)From the London Buddhist society, John Snelling (1987) established that many of those who have undertaken the study and practice of Buddhism have also taken an interest in the western psychotherapies that developed from the pioneering work of Sigmund Freud, the, the most famous western psychologist. As well as the Freudian psychoanalysis and its derivatives, Snelling has found that, this includes the analytical psychology of Freud great but errant student, Carl Gustav Jung, as well as subsequent developments right down to the present time, where Buddhism and western society have come together in a wonderful bond, (Snelling, 292).These theories, now regarded as Western psychotherapies arose towards the end of the 19th century and in the early part of the 20th century. This great discovery made by the pioneers of this movement was of the existence of the unconscious: an area or range of aspects of human psyche falling outside the normal range of conscious awareness. Snelling records the therapeutic aspects that interested Dr. Freud to study a lot on the nerve system of animals.Sigmund Freud, as recorded by, Snelling was to the view the unconscious as a kind of cellar containing mainly what he called ‘vises’, all those aspects of himself that a person does not wish to confront- the unacceptable desires, aggressive impulses, painful memories and many other areas of ego. Snelling has established cure of all these consisted reclaiming this exiled material from the abyss of knowing and restoring it to the province of consciousness- or in Freudian terminology: restoring it to the ego from the Idd, a process that Freud compared to reclaiming land from the sea, (Snelling, 295).If Freud’s tendency had been essentially secular, according to John Snelling then Jung’s ideas brought the new psychology into the area once regarded as the preserve of religion (293). Indeed he began to see the role of analysis not merely as directed towards curing neurotic symptoms but of assisting harmonious development, the flowering of individual potential, and ultimately towards securing a transformation that would take the individual beyond himself. John Snelling writes:â€Å"The fact that the approach to the numinous is the real therapy and inasmuch as you attain to the numinous experiences you are released from the curse of pathology†. (Snelling 253). To accord due credit to Jung, however, it must be said that many western Buddhists have found that this ideas represent useful bridge into exotic world of Eastern spir ituality. Some have gone so far as to undertake Jungian analysis and have found helpful, particularly in dealing with psychological problems.According to John Snelling, Alan Watts was able to explain on this in his writing of the seven symbols of life (1936); Watt propounded the idea that Buddhism has more in common with psychotherapy than with religion as the term was then understood in the west. Psychotherapy and Buddhism are intermarried and each has its part to play in assisting in its full realization, psychotherapy in helping to develop a sound ego, Buddhism in taking the process on from there, (Snelling, 298). Religion of faith Buddha emphasized that his teachings had a practical purpose and should not be blindly clung to.He the Dharma to a raft made by a man seeking to cross a dangerous hither shore of a river, representing the conditioned world, to the peaceful further shore, representing Nibanna (M. 1. 34-5). He then rhetorically asked whether such a man on reaching the ot her side should lift the raft and carry it around with him there. He therefore said, Dharma is for crossing over not for retaining, that is a follower should not grasp at Buddhist ideas and practices, but use them for their intended purpose, and then let go of them when they had fully accomplished their goal.Many ordinary Buddhists, though do not have a strong attachment to Buddhism. While the Buddha was critical to blind faith, he did not deny a role for soundly based faith or trustful confidence (saddha) for to test out his teachings, person had to have at least some initial trust in them. He emphasizes a process of listening, which arouses saddha, leading to deeper saddha and deeper practice until the heart of the teachings is directly experienced. A person then becomes an Arahat, one who has replaced faith with knowledge.Even Theravada Buddhism, which often has a rather rational unemotional image, a very deep faith in the Buddha, Dharma and Sangha is common. Ideally this is base d on the fact that some part of Buddha’s path has been found to be uplifting, thus inspiring confidence in the rest. Many people though have a calm and joyful faith (pasada) inspired by the example of those who are well established on the path. In essence therefore, Buddhism is a religion that is based on aspects of faith. In actual sense Buddhism is a religion where faith is exercised for the purposes of perfection.We therefore accept the fact the statement of acclaim that Buddhism is a religion of faith holds. Buddhism does not demand that anyone accepts their teaching on trust. The practitioner is instead invited to try them out, to expriment with them. John Snelling writes and says there is no compulsion and it happens to find truth elsewhere or otherwise all well and good, (Snelling, 4). The essential freedom from dogma is enshrined in the Buddha's words to the Kalama, a people who lived in the vicinity of the town of Kesaputta:† Come, Kalamas, do not be satisfied with heasay or with tradition or with legendary lore or with what has come down in your scriptures or with logical inference or with weighing liking for a view after pondering it over or with the thought ‘the monk is our teacher' When you know in yourselves ‘these ideas are unprofitable, liable to censure, condemned by the wise, being adopted and put into effect they lead to harm and suffering ‘, then you should abandon them†¦ ( and conversely:)when you know in yourselves these things are profitable†¦Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ then you should practice them and abide in them. † (Snelling, 3). Philosophical foundations According to John Snelling, in his The Buddhist Handbook: A complete Guide to Buddhist Teaching and Practice Buddhism as a religion is based o philosophical foundations. He writes: â€Å"At the core of Mahayana philosophy lays the notion of emptiness: Shunyata. Buddha very much in the spirit of anata as first teaches this. It is not used to imply, not me re or sheer nothingness, but ‘emptiness of inherent existence’; that is, the absence of any kind of enduring or self –sustaining essence.There is also a sense in which it has connotations of conceptual emptiness: absence of thoughts. It could be regarded too as a non-term signifying the ineffable understanding arising within the practice of meditation†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Therefore, Shunyata as used by Buddha has formed this philosophical foundation in Buddhism, although in addition to this Snelling introduces another key term tathata which according to Buddhism philosophical foundations means ‘thusness’ or ‘suchness’ which signifies Emptiness in its immanent aspect: as it appears in the world of form.The Buddha, as Snelling writes, is sometimes called the Tathagata: ‘He who is thus gone’. The Tathagata-garbha (garbha means ‘germ’) doctrine, on the other hand, proposes the notion of an imminent Absolute: the manifestat ion in form of a transcendental principle, (Snelling,5). Therefore it is true Buddhism has some philosophical foundations as it written by John Snelling, (Snelling, 4). In conclusion we have seen that Buddhism involves that Buddhism has evolved on the basis of some philosophical foundations and that it involves psychological, religious, some mystical experience and meditations.Unlike other religions, Buddhism holds the religious perfection in which one should not clung of practical faith but should eventually make it to knowledge. Therefore, this makes it more a practical experience. It is such aspects, according to John Snelling that drive us to believe that there is no Buddhism but only Buddhists. REFERENCES Snelling, John. The Buddhist Handbook: A complete Guide to Buddhist Teaching and Practice. London: Rider, 1987.

Business Torts and Product Liability

The scope of product liability usually exposes the manufacturers, sellers, product designers or licensres to the sphre of the legal actions. Here the word ‘product’ is not only indicate the finished or final products but it covers the supplimentary items which is intimately associated to consumer expectations . Moreover, the term produt saftey can be a part of a product, which is related, with any kind of chain of distribution. The manufacturers and other entities involved with market are liable for the products, which are defective in nature . The distributors, dealers, retailers, representatives and employers can also brought in to the action if their products are turned to be defective. The American common law adopted the concept of strict liability under consumer perspectives in early 1960’s. They began to adopt the view that the sellers should bear the cost of injuries or defects in their products as they are in the best position to distinguish the risks associated with their products. The American law institutes call for the various state law departments to recapitulate the developments in strict liability in Section 402A of the Restatement (Second) of Torts in 1977. However, it happens that the defenadnts may undergo harsh facets of the torts and action for their unintentional act or ommission. The courts of modern times also provide the sellers the indisputable liability for their defective products without the negligence or fault on the part of the seller. (1) For such victims the rules and judgements may appear too harsh but the genuine culprits desreves so. ———————————————————————————————————– 1. Restatement (Third) of Torts products liability, 1999 Business Torts and Product Liability 2 Introduction â€Å"He can excuse himself by showing that the escape was owing to plaintiff’s default; but as nothing of this sort exists here, it si unnecessary to inquire to what excuse would be sufficient. † – Blackburn J Generally there are cases that where a defaulter can be held responsible for an injury even where no negligence or evil intent can be shown. The doctrine of strict liability imposes legal responsibility for injuries sustained by or because of an actor's conduct, whether or not the actor used reasonable care and regardless of the actor's state of mind. Strict liability cases are limited to certain narrowly-defined areas of the law, including products liability, ultrahazardous activities, care of animals and certain statutory offenses. However, the question arises whether such liability and the treatment against the alleged wrong doer is too hurtful or not. To analyse this, firstly, we shall discuss the scope of the torts and product liability in buisiness. Buisiness torts and product liability The general principle is that, seller of any defective product which is unreasonably dangerous to the user or consumer, is subject to liability for physical harm thereby caused to the ultimate user or consumer or to his property, if the product is expected to and does reach the user or consumer, without substantial change in the condition in which it is sold. (Restatement (Second) of Torts, 1977)(1). It does not matter that the seller has exercised all possible care in the preparation and sale of his product; and the user or ——————————————————————————————————– 1. Sec. 402A of Restatement (Second) of Torts, 1977 Business Torts and Product Liability 3 consumer has not bought the product from or entered into any contractual relation with the seller. In Rylands Vs Fletcher,(2) the court found that even if the defendant was not negligent or rather, even if the defendant did not intentionally cause the harm or he was careful, he could still be made liable. The defendant may excuse himself by showing that the occurrence was owing to the plaintiff’s default or that was the consequence of vis major or the act of good. The liability arises not because there was ant fault or negligence on the part of persons, but because he kept such defective products and the same was caused some sort of personal damage to another. The liability of the defective products was well explained in the famous case Donogue Vs Stevenson (3) as, a person who is for gain engages in the business of manufacturing articles of food and drink intended for consumption by members of the public in the form he issues them, is under a duty to take care in the manufacture of these articles. That duty must be to whom he intends to consume his products. The law has enumerated a number of rules to provide maximam penalty to the wrongdoer’s for his misconduct regarding the products. .whether this way of gauging the act and ommissions of the wrongdoers for their product liability is justifiable or not? Are they undergoing ruthless treatment than they deserve? Whether the treatment under product liability is harsh or not Recently in the case, Wyeth vs. Levine (4) the Vermont Supreme Court ——————————————————————————————————– 2. Rylands Vs Fletcher (1868) L. R 3 H. L 330 3. Donogue Vs Stevenson [1932] AC 562 (HL) (Sc) 4. Wyeth vs. Levine, Pharmaseutical industry Today, News, 22 Nov 2008 Business Torts and Product Liability 4 confirmed a nearly $6. 8 million product liability claim against Wyeth because the company's FDA-approved warning label on anti-nausea drug Phenergan only cautioned physicians about a quick-injection method. The injection caused the palintiff’s vein nicked and caused gangrene in an arm that eventually led to amputation. Here, it can be accepted that defendant faced the consequences because of his negative conduct to the consumers. Still there is a question arises about the magnitude of the penalty usually provides in such cases. The fact is that such liability causes negative impact on the day-to-day conduct of buisiness also. The product liability always compel the the manufacturers to internalize the cost of the product. When the manufacturer assigned all the liabilities for the injuries caused, he is forced to take account all the harms caused and this may lead the manufacturer unable to profit from producing the product Due to strict imposition of law in various manners, the manufacturer may not produce the socially optimal level of goods. Under such conditions the manufacturer cannot pass on the economic costs to the consumers as insurance as the most of the consumers are highly price sensitive. This may harm the production of the products and complete removal from the market. Apart from this, there is a chance of instituting high-level substantial higher transaction costs due to the high-level apllication and the sucsequent penalty of the product liability. Moreover, this causes lowering the consumer surplus from these transactions. (Miller,Goldberg ,2004)(5) ———————————————————————————————————— 5. Miller, C. J, Goldberg, R. S (September 30, 2004) Product liability, 2 edition Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA; ISBN-13: 978-019825678 Business Torts and Product Liability 5 Some times the damage may cause due to the default of the palintiff . The palitiff may misuse the product. Moreover, there is a chance that the product has been altered and modified by the palintiff without the knowledge of the manufacturer. The defects may cause due to the conduct of the third party who is neither defendant’s servant nor does the defendant have any control over him. Or else there is a chance of the product is being manufactured or designed according to the industry custom and standards and government standards related to the manufacture and design. In such cases there is no point in treating the defendant with a extreme penalty. (6)(Salmond, 1996) The cases like Fardon Vs harcourt Rivingston (7) and Glosgow Corp. Vs Muir (8) clearly laid down the priniciple regading the minimising the liability of the wrong doer under such circumstances.. If the possibility of the incident emerging is only a mere possibility which could never occur to the mind of eth reasonable man ,there is no negligence in not having taken extraordinary precautions. People must guard against reasonable probablities but they are not bound to guard against fantastic possibilities. Conclusion Since the product liability is the legal responsibility of manufacturers and sellers to buyers, users and bystanders for damages or injuries suffered, the strict liability of these sections are firmly observed. However, a manufacturer of a product cannot be considered the absolute guarantor of its product’s safety. It can be said that there is a utilitarian ———————————————————————————————————- 6. Salmond, Heuston (1996) , Law of Torts, , p443 publisher: Sweet & Maxwell; 21Rev Ed edition (24 Oct 1996) ISBN-13: 978-0421533509 7. Fardon Vs harcourt Rivingston (1932) 146 L. T 391 8. Glosgow Corp. Vs Muir ((1943) A. C 488 principle revolved under the imposition of such liability. Because the people determined to cling to the responsible persons for their actions even though there is no negligence on their part. Because there are some derivation of benefits likes improved products, safety and accountability, which is generally, prevail over the burden on the defendant in strict liability proceedings. So in such cases in order to fulfill the public policy of minimizing the injury, it is more reasonable to introduce the burden of finding and correcting such dangers upon the manufacturer rather than taking away the defective products from the consumer. ********************************** References 1. Faegre & Benson, 2003 UK Trade and Investment, US product liability law, Nov. 2003 2. Kubasek, Nancy K. ; Browne, Neil M. ; Giampetro-Meyer, Barkacs, Linda, Andrea; Herron, Dan; Dynamic Business law (January 4, 2008) McGraw-Hill ISBN 0073524913 / 9780073524917 3. Miller, C. J, Goldberg, R. S (September 30, 2004) Product liability, 2 edition Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA; ISBN-13: 978-0198256786 4. Restatement (second) of Torts products liability, 1977 5. Restatement (Third) of Torts products liability, 1999 6. Salmond, Heuston (1996) , Law of Torts, , p443 publisher: Sweet & Maxwell; 21Rev Ed edition (24 Oct 1996) ISBN-13: 978-0421533509